Publius
Constitutive Priority, Infinite Regress, and Aristotle’s Hierarchy of Ends
Abstract
This paper develops a general metaphysical principle, Implicit Prior Reference, and applies it to Aristotle’s argument for an ultimate good in Nicomachean Ethics I.1–2. The principle holds that every derivative structure necessarily presupposes what is primitive in the relevant order of constitution. Plurality presupposes unity; composition presupposes constituents; relations presuppose relata; and instrumental goodness presupposes the goodness of an end. These dependencies can be established universally, prior to examining any particular instance. Consequently, an infinite hierarchy of derivative structures cannot furnish an exception to the principle: every member remains subject to the same constitutive necessity.
The argument distinguishes this universal presupposition from the further principle of non-derivative grounding. Applied to practical philosophy, it concludes that genuine instrumental goodness must presuppose some goodness that is final: goodness for its own sake. Aristotle’s further criteria of completeness and self-sufficiency then concern the identification of the highest human good.
Complete scholarly edition
The complete paper, including the nine-section argument, sixteen scholarly notes, ten scholastic objections and replies, and bibliography, is published below as a PDF.
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